Carved pillars at Ellora

An illustrated collection

Cities that time left behind

Streets, societies and the spaces between monuments.

Photo credit

Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0. Resized for display.

A different way into the world

Follow the idea.
Find your places.

A ruined city is easy to reduce to its largest surviving monument. The spaces between the buildings can be equally revealing: routes, water systems, houses, terraces and traces of everyday work. They turn an impressive ruin into evidence of a society.

Use plans and interpretation to distinguish what survives, what archaeologists have established and what remains uncertain. A reconstruction can be helpful without being a photograph of the past. Nor does an abandoned urban centre mean that the descendants of its inhabitants or their cultural traditions disappeared. Listen to the people who care for and interpret these places today.

1

Look for the relationship between monumental and everyday spaces.

2

Find out how water, food and movement were organised.

3

Distinguish original fabric, later repairs and reconstruction.

The Inca citadel beneath the peak of Huayna Picchu

1 · Peru

Machu Picchu

An Inca city suspended between mountain and cloud.

Al-Khazneh, Petra’s celebrated Treasury façade

2 · Jordan

Petra

A sandstone city shaped by trade, water and desert light.

Temple I above Tikal’s Great Plaza

20 · Guatemala

Tikal

Maya temples rise above a living rainforest canopy.

Carved pillars at Ellora

103 · India

Ajanta & Ellora

Architecture carved out of rock, and paintings that repay a slower gaze.

Temple towers in Hampi’s boulder landscape

108 · India

Hampi

A ruined capital woven through boulders, water and living worship.

A temple amongst the ruins of Palenque

138 · Mexico

Palenque

Maya architecture at the edge of a forested escarpment.

The conical tower inside Great Zimbabwe’s Great Enclosure

150 · Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe

A monumental stone city that reshapes assumptions about southern Africa.

The stone remains of Nan Madol

157 · Micronesia

Nan Madol

A monumental city of stone and water on Pohnpei's coast.

The Gate of the Sun at Tiwanaku

185 · Bolivia

Tiwanaku

A high-altitude ceremonial centre whose fragments invite close study.

The stone remains of Kuélap

217 · Peru

Kuélap

A Chachapoya settlement above the forested mountains of northern Peru.

The archaeological remains of Chan Chan

218 · Peru

Chan Chan

An earthen city whose surviving walls still suggest immense ambition.

The main pyramid and circular enclosure at Caral

219 · Peru

Caral

A desert-valley city that changes the timescale of Andean urban history.

The ruins of Ciudad Perdida

221 · Colombia

Ciudad Perdida

An ancient settlement reached through a demanding living landscape.

Monks Mound at Cahokia in summer

240 · United States

Cahokia

An earthen city that changes the familiar map of ancient North America.

The Maya pyramids of Calakmul

243 · Mexico

Calakmul

A Maya city within an immense forest landscape.

The ruined city of Ani

276 · Türkiye

Ani

A ruined medieval city on an exposed borderland plateau.

The Great Kyz Kala monument at Ancient Merv

282 · Turkmenistan

Merv

The remains of several great cities spread across a desert oasis.

The stupa mound at Mohenjo-daro

285 · Pakistan

Mohenjo-daro

An ancient city whose streets and water systems remain startlingly intelligible.

Read the guide ↗ · Complete gallery ↗